Monday, 27 October 2025

My Trip With Dark Energy


🪐 In 1991:

There was no accepted evidence for cosmic acceleration yet.
The term “dark energy” wasn’t in use — and the cosmological constant (Λ) was mostly considered unnecessary or even unfashionable.

Context:

  • Most cosmologists assumed the universe’s expansion was slowing down, due to gravity from matter (ordinary + dark matter).

  • The two main models debated were:

    1. Einstein–de Sitter model: Flat, matter-dominated, Λ = 0.

    2. Open CDM model: Λ = 0, but with less matter, implying open curvature.

The cosmological constant’s status:

  • Λ was originally added by Einstein (1917) to allow a static universe, then discarded after Hubble’s discovery of expansion.

  • In the 1980s and early 1990s, Λ occasionally resurfaced as a mathematical fix to make models fit galaxy distributions or ages of stars—but it had no physical interpretation.

  • It was seen as a “fudge factor,” not a real component of the cosmos.

Observational state (1991):

  • No Type Ia supernova surveys yet (the key discovery comes in 1998).

  • CMB data were crude—COBE had just launched (1989, first results 1992).

  • Estimated Ωₘ ≈ 0.2–1.0Λ = 0, and q₀ > 0 (decelerating expansion).


💡 Summary comparison:

YearCosmological Constant (Λ)Dark Energy ConceptExpansion Believed To BeNotes
1991Mostly rejected / zeroNot yet conceivedDeceleratingΛ seen as outdated Einstein relic
2008Reintroduced as physical vacuum energyEquivalent to dark energyAccelerating (firm evidence)ΛCDM dominant
2025Still best-fit, but tested vs. dynamic modelsPossibly a broader field or evolving formAccelerating, but with tensionsΛCDM under refinement

So, in 1991, Λ was a mathematical curiosity, not a physical reality.
By 2008, it had become the cornerstone of cosmology — reinterpreted as the energy of the vacuum itself.

https://thescholzsystem.blogspot.com/2025/10/trip-with-dark-energy-in-1991-there-was.html

Discussion with CLEO here




Dark energy and cosmology

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